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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are among the most frequently prescribed drugs for ADHD, and appear to boost and balance levels of brain chemicals. However, they don't solve the problem and will only aid in managing symptoms so long as they're taken regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medication can include a change in blood pressure and heart rate and stomach upset anxiety and tics. Some children and teens who are taking stimulant medication experience a slight reduction in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous stimulant is the most commonly used drug used to treat ADHD. It is available in various forms, such as tablets that chew liquid and an oral disintegrating tablet that performs long, and a pill with extended release. The drug works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, helping to enhance concentration. It can also help reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety. When combined with other treatments such as behavioral therapy, methylphenidate may be an effective treatment for ADHD. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters which eliminate these neurotransmitters naturally from the brain. adhd medication list may cause an increase in heart rate or blood pressure. It can also cause a rapid change in blood sugar levels, so those with diabetes must be aware when taking this medication. Speak to your doctor when you experience any of these symptoms. Methylphenidate may also cause Raynaud’s phenomenon which causes numbness in the feet and fingers. This is an uncommon side effect, however, it is crucial to notify your doctor if you have these symptoms. There is some concerns that methylphenidate can slow the growth of children, but this has not been proven to be the situation. If you have a child who is being treated with methylphenidate, ensure that you monitor the child's weight and height carefully. If your child is on a methylphenidate chewable tablet, it contains phenylalanine, which is potentially dangerous for children who have the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). If you suffer from PKU, consult your physician about other formulations of methylphenidate. Stimulants are the most popular medication for treating ADHD, but some individuals have issues with them. In these instances, doctors might prescribe a different medication that functions in a similar manner. There are other stimulants like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine in addition to the methylphenidate. These drugs are a little stronger than methylphenidate and can last longer. These drugs are typically taken at least three times a day however some individuals may be able to take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however, they are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also known by the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration and reduces hyperactivity as well as impulsiveness. It is part of a class called selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by increasing levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical messengers which regulate brain activity. It is a preferred choice for children and adults who prefer a different kind of medication from stimulants like Adderall and Vyvanse. It is crucial to understand that atomoxetine does not work immediately. It can take up 6 weeks before the effects of this drug are evident. There are also side effects such as drowsiness and nausea. For the majority of patients the benefits of taking atomoxetine outweigh any risks. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study that was conducted on 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18 years old, the effectiveness of atomoxetine is confirmed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine in a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over a period of 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine and placebo groups depression symptoms were reduced. The treatment group with atomoxetine showed more improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group. The improvement was sporadic. In another open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who failed to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine for 8 weeks. The group receiving atomoxetine had improved ADHD symptoms when compared to the placebo group, with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version as well as the Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale improving significantly. One patient withdrew due to a rash. Three patients also reported transient gastrointestinal symptoms, and one noticed an increase in fatigue. Consult how to treat adhd without medication in adults before you begin treatment with atomoxetine about your health history, including any supplements or medications you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as prescription medications. Tell your doctor whether any of the following conditions exist such as narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid or adrenal gland tumour and high blood pressure heart disease or sudden death. You should avoid atomoxetine as well when you've been taking an MAO-inhibitor such as isocarboxazid and linezolid within the last 14 days, or rasagiline Methylene Blue Injection phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion, a nonstimulant can help improve ADHD symptoms. It can also reduce impulsivity and improve focus, though it doesn't affect the brain in the same way that stimulants do. It's only available on prescription. Your doctor will decide on the best dosage for you. Bupropion is available as tablets and capsules. It is essential to follow the instructions. If you stop taking it suddenly you may experience withdrawal symptoms. It's usually taken twice or three times a day with a 4-6 hour interval between each dose. The dosage can range between 100mg and three times per day up to 150mg three or four times daily. The drug is absorbed by the digestive tract, and then eliminated into urine, which means it cannot be absorbed into breast milk. However, it could enter the bloodstream and affect other organs. Bupropion can increase your blood pressure, so it's important to monitor it frequently. In addition to reducing the symptoms of ADHD, bupropion can also reduce depression. It can also be used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors that are located in your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine, from reaching your brain. This helps to stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other drugs, so it's important to inform your doctor of any other medications you're taking. It's also important to determine whether you are allergic to. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants since they can make the side effects worse. Several studies have compared bupropion to placebos in adults with ADHD. These studies yielded mixed results and were not conducted properly. A majority of these studies excluded people with psychiatric disorders co-morbidity. However, the research suggests that bupropion can have a slight effect on ADHD. More research is needed to determine positive outcomes for patients, including an improvement in quality of living. Before effective treatments can be developed it is essential to have a better understanding of the molecular causes of ADHD. This requires a deeper understanding of the relationship between molecular pathways. It is also crucial to know the way that anti-ADHD medications work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants If the stimulants prescribed to children suffering from ADHD aren't effective or cause undesirable side effects, doctors might turn to antidepressants as a treatment. These medications, like imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor) are able to increase the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which help people concentrate. These older drugs can have serious negative side consequences. They are typically used when other medications fail. The first option for antidepressants in depression is usually an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (SSRI), such as fluoxetine, sertraline, or citalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants, which have been around for a long time, can be utilized in certain instances. They are also effective in reducing neuropathic pain. They also have a second pain-relieving action that is separate from their antidepressant properties. They potentiate the noradrenephrine receptor, by preventing its reuptake. They also function as descending modulators for pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs have a lower risk of toxicity and have less severe adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and don't appear to be teratogenic to animals or humans. If abruptly stopped, they can cause withdrawal symptoms that are severe. To minimize these side effects, your doctor might suggest reducing the dosage gradually over a period of several weeks. Although not officially recognized by the FDA as a medication for adhd bupropion is commonly prescribed antidepressant that is off-label for ADHD. It is believed to increase neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which increases concentration. It also helps alleviate anxiety and stress. It can be paired with stimulants to achieve more rapid and lasting results. Although there aren't any other FDA-approved nonstimulant drugs for ADHD Many people get relief from the use of dietary supplements and herbs. A diet that is low in fat and sugar can also help to reduce ADHD symptoms. In the same way, removing caffeine may be beneficial for some. Discuss with your doctor any medications that you or your child is taking, including herbal remedies and prescription drugs. This will prevent interactions and reduce unwanted adverse effects. ADHD medications can affect everyone differently, so it's sometimes a trial and error to determine the right dosage and drug for your child or you.